近年來，隨著人類活動的頻繁，空氣污染越來越越嚴重。研究表明，工業(yè)廢氣含有有機化合物、硫化物、氟化物等化學物質(zhì)，這些物質(zhì)嚴重危害人體健康，很大程度上增加呼吸道相關癌癥的發(fā)病率。

　　In recent years, with the frequent human activities, air pollution has become increasingly severe. Research shows that industrial waste gas contains organic compounds, sulfides, fluorides and other chemicals, which seriously harm human health and greatly increase the incidence rate of respiratory tract related cancers.

　　苯類有機物損害人的中樞神經(jīng)，造成神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)障礙；多環(huán)芳烴有機物有強烈的致癌性，含硫化物的氣體進入人體，主要損害中樞神經(jīng)、呼吸系統(tǒng)，刺激黏膜；長期攝入含氟化物的氣體，導致大腦功能損傷，影響細胞代謝和蛋白質(zhì)的合成。接下來，給大家整理了十種廢氣處理的工藝，滿滿的干貨，抓緊時間收藏吧。

　　Benzene organic compounds damage the central nervous system of humans, causing neurological disorders; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have strong carcinogenicity, and gases containing sulfides enter the human body, mainly damaging the central nervous system, respiratory system, and stimulating mucous membranes; Long term intake of gases containing fluoride can lead to brain function damage, affecting cellular metabolism and protein synthesis. Next, we have compiled ten exhaust gas treatment processes for everyone, filled with valuable knowledge. Hurry up and collect them.

　　治理廢氣的方法

　　Methods for treating exhaust gases

　　廢氣污染物種類繁多，特性各異，針對不同類型的廢氣，選擇合適的處理方式。常用的處理方法有：冷凝法、吸收法、燃燒法、催化法、吸附法等。

　　There are various types of exhaust pollutants with different characteristics, and suitable treatment methods should be selected for different types of exhaust gases. Common processing methods include condensation, absorption, combustion, catalysis, adsorption, etc.

　　1冷凝回收法

　　1. Condensation recovery method

　　冷凝回收法是把廢氣直接導入冷凝器或先經(jīng)吸附吸收后，解析的濃縮廢氣導入冷凝器，冷凝液經(jīng)分離可回收有價值的有機物的一種方法。

　　The condensation recovery method is a method of directly introducing waste gas into a condenser or first absorbing and analyzing concentrated waste gas through adsorption, and then introducing it into the condenser. The condensed liquid can be separated to recover valuable organic compounds.

　　工藝流程圖如下：優(yōu)點：冷凝法主要用于高沸點和高濃度的VOC污染氣體的回收,適用的濃度范圍>5%（體積），其流程簡單、回收率高。缺點：該法需要有附設的冷凍設備，投資大、能耗高、運行費用大，同時冷凝后尾氣仍然含有一定濃度的有機物，二次污染嚴重，因此對低濃度尾氣治理本法很少使用。2吸收法

　　The process flow chart is as follows: Advantages: The condensation method is mainly used for the recovery of high boiling point and high concentration VOC pollutants, with a suitable concentration range of>5% (volume). Its process is simple and the recovery rate is high. Disadvantages: This method requires attached refrigeration equipment, which is expensive, consumes high energy, and incurs high operating costs. At the same time, the condensed exhaust gas still contains a certain concentration of organic matter, causing serious secondary pollution. Therefore, this method is rarely used for the treatment of low concentration exhaust gas. 2 absorption method

　　吸收法可分為化學吸收及物理吸收，由于有機廢氣中含有大量的“三苯”氣體，化學活性低，一般不能采用化學吸收。

　　The absorption method can be divided into chemical absorption and physical absorption. Due to the large amount of "triphenyl" gas in organic waste gas and low chemical activity, chemical absorption is generally not suitable.

　　物理吸收是廢氣中一種或幾種組分溶解于選定的液體吸收劑中，這種吸收劑應具有與吸收組分有較高的親和力，低揮發(fā)性，同時還應具有較小的揮發(fā)性，吸收液飽和后經(jīng)加熱解吸再冷卻重新使用。常見工藝流程圖如下：優(yōu)點：適合于溫度低、中高濃度的廢氣，能夠有選擇性地吸收硫化氫等廢氣，工藝流程簡單，且不需外加蒸汽和外加其他熱源。缺點：需配備加熱解析冷凝等回收裝置，裝機體積大、投資較大，同時還存在二次污染，凈化效果不理想。

　　Physical absorption refers to the dissolution of one or several components in exhaust gas into a selected liquid absorbent. This absorbent should have a high affinity for the absorbing components, low volatility, and low volatility. After saturation, the absorbing liquid should be heated, desorbed, cooled, and reused. The common process flow chart is as follows: Advantages: Suitable for low temperature, medium high concentration waste gas, able to selectively absorb hydrogen sulfide and other waste gas, simple process flow, and no need to add steam or other heat sources. Disadvantages: It requires heating, analysis, condensation and other recovery devices, with a large installation volume and high investment. At the same time, there is also secondary pollution, and the purification effect is not ideal.

　　3直接燃燒法

　　3 Direct combustion method

　　直接燃燒法是利用燃氣或燃油等輔助燃料燃燒放出的熱量將混合氣體加熱到一定溫度(700～800℃)，駐留一定的時間(0.3～0.5秒)，使可燃的有害物質(zhì)進行高溫分解變?yōu)闊o害物質(zhì)的一種方法。

　　The direct combustion method is a method of using the heat released by the combustion of auxiliary fuels such as gas or fuel to heat a mixture of gases to a certain temperature (700-800 ℃) and residence for a certain period of time (0.3-0.5 seconds), so that combustible harmful substances undergo high-temperature decomposition into harmless substances.

　　工藝流程圖如下：優(yōu)點：直接燃燒法工藝簡單、設備投資小，適用高濃度、小風量的廢氣治理。缺點：能耗大，運行成本較高；運行技術要求高，不易控制與掌握，在國內(nèi)基本未獲推廣。4熱力燃燒法

　　The process flowchart is as follows: Advantages: The direct combustion method has a simple process, low equipment investment, and is suitable for the treatment of high concentration and low air volume exhaust gases. Disadvantages: High energy consumption and high operating costs; The operation technology requires high standards and is difficult to control and master, so it has not been widely promoted in China. 4 Thermal combustion method

　　熱力燃燒是指把廢氣溫度提高到可燃氣態(tài)污染物的溫度，使其進行全氧化分解的過程。工藝流程圖如下：優(yōu)點：適用于可燃有機物質(zhì)含量較低的廢氣的凈化處理，燃燒凈化處理技術中熱效率很高，設備使用壽命長，抗老化，耐腐蝕。缺點：設備較大，運輸不便；設備價格高，運行成本高；對于含硫、鹵素有機物廢氣處理效果較差。

　　Thermal combustion refers to the process of raising the temperature of exhaust gas to the temperature of combustible gaseous pollutants, causing them to undergo complete oxidation and decomposition. The process flow chart is as follows: advantages: it is applicable to the purification treatment of waste gas with low content of combustible organic substances. The combustion purification treatment technology has high thermal efficiency, long service life of equipment, anti-aging and corrosion resistance. Disadvantages: Large equipment and inconvenient transportation; High equipment prices and operating costs; The treatment effect of sulfur-containing and halogenated organic waste gas is poor.

　　5催化燃燒法

　　5 Catalytic combustion method

　　催化燃燒是在催化劑的作用下，將廢氣中的有害可燃組分完全氧化為二氧化碳和水的過程。工藝流程圖如下：

　　Catalytic combustion is the process of completely oxidizing harmful combustible components in exhaust gas into carbon dioxide and water under the action of a catalyst. The process flowchart is as follows:

　　優(yōu)點：催化燃燒器凈化率高、工作溫度低、能量消耗少、對可燃組分濃度和熱值限制少，操作簡便和安全性好。缺點：有的氣體燃燒條件苛刻，需高溫、高空和高水蒸氣分壓，因此催化劑必須具備較高的活性、高熱穩(wěn)定性和較高的水熱穩(wěn)定性，以及一定的抗中毒能力。6活性炭吸附法

　　Advantages: Catalytic burners have high purification rates, low operating temperatures, low energy consumption, minimal restrictions on the concentration and calorific value of combustible components, easy operation, and good safety. Disadvantages: Some gases have harsh combustion conditions, requiring high temperature, high altitude, and high water vapor partial pressure. Therefore, catalysts must have high activity, high thermal stability, high hydrothermal stability, and certain anti poisoning ability. 6 Activated carbon adsorption method

　　活性炭吸附是將有機廢氣由排氣風機送人吸附床，有機廢氣在吸附床被活性炭吸附劑吸附而使氣體得到凈化，凈化后的氣體排向大氣即完成凈化過程。工藝流程圖如下：優(yōu)點：吸附率高，運行能耗低，費用成本低，安全可靠，適用于有爆炸的危險場所，吸附劑可以回收，節(jié)能環(huán)保。缺點：不耐高溫，在濕潤的條件下不能保持很好的吸附能力；易燃，較快達到飽和吸附而失去效用；產(chǎn)生二次固體或液體污染物。

　　Activated carbon adsorption is the process of sending organic waste gas from an exhaust fan into an adsorption bed. The organic waste gas is adsorbed by activated carbon adsorbent in the adsorption bed to purify the gas, and the purified gas is discharged into the atmosphere to complete the purification process. The process flowchart is as follows: Advantages: high adsorption rate, low operating energy consumption, low cost, safe and reliable, suitable for hazardous areas with explosions, adsorbent can be recycled, energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Disadvantages: Not resistant to high temperatures, unable to maintain good adsorption capacity under humid conditions; Flammable, quickly reaching saturation adsorption and losing effectiveness; Generate secondary solid or liquid pollutants.

　　7生物法

　　7 Biological Methods

　　生物法是微生物將有機成分作為碳源和能源，并將其分解為CO2和H2O過程的一種方法。

　　Biological method is a process in which microorganisms use organic components as carbon and energy sources, and decompose them into CO2 and H2O.

　　工藝流程圖如下：優(yōu)點：設備簡單、投資少、運行費用低、無二次污染，處理VOCs廢氣效果理想。缺點：反應裝置占地面積大、反應時間較長。8等離子體分解法

　　The process flow chart is as follows: Advantages: simple equipment, low investment, low operating costs, no secondary pollution, ideal treatment effect for VOCs waste gas. Disadvantages: The reaction device takes up a large area and has a long reaction time. 8 Plasma decomposition method

　　等離子體分解法是在外加電場的作用下，介質(zhì)放電產(chǎn)生的大量攜能電子轟擊污染物分子，引發(fā)了一系列復雜的物理、化學反應，從而使污染物得以降解去除的一種廢氣治理方法。

　　Plasma decomposition method is a waste gas treatment method in which a large number of energy carrying electrons generated by dielectric discharge under the action of an external electric field bombard pollutant molecules, triggering a series of complex physical and chemical reactions, thereby degrading and removing pollutants.

　　工藝流程圖如下：優(yōu)點：工藝簡潔，低耗節(jié)能，設備材料抗氧化強，抗腐蝕，使用壽命長，能高效去除含有揮發(fā)性有機物、無機物、硫化氫、氨氣等主要污染物的廢氣。缺點：等離子體技術在廢棄物處理過程中，所要求的真空環(huán)境，帶來了一定的技術難題，現(xiàn)在還是在處于研究階段，目前很多研究只針對單一的污染物。

　　The process flow chart is as follows: Advantages: simple process, low energy consumption, strong oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of equipment materials, long service life, and efficient removal of waste gas containing volatile organic compounds, inorganic substances, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other major pollutants. Disadvantage: Plasma technology poses certain technical challenges in the vacuum environment required for waste treatment, and is still in the research stage. Currently, many studies only focus on a single pollutant.

　　9UV紫外法

　　9UV method

　　UV紫外法是利用特制的高能高臭氧UV紫外線光束照射廢氣，改變廢氣的分子結(jié)構，使有機或無機高分子廢氣化合物分子鏈在高能紫外線光束照射下，降解轉(zhuǎn)化成低分子化合物的方法。

　　UV method is a method of using a specially designed high-energy high ozone UV beam to irradiate exhaust gas, changing the molecular structure of the exhaust gas, and degrading the molecular chains of organic or inorganic polymer exhaust gas compounds into low molecular weight compounds under high-energy UV beam irradiation.

　　工藝流程圖如下：優(yōu)點：占地面積小，運行成本較低，設備投資較低。缺點：去除效率低，可處理的氣體種類較少。10生物滴濾法

　　The process flowchart is as follows: Advantages: small footprint, low operating costs, and low equipment investment. Disadvantages: Low removal efficiency and limited types of gases that can be processed. 10 Biological drip filtration method

　　生物滴濾法是將廢氣經(jīng)過去塵增濕或降溫等預處理工藝后，從濾床底部由下向上穿過由濾料組成的濾床，廢氣由氣相轉(zhuǎn)移至水—微生物混和相，通過固著于濾料上的微生物代謝作用而被分解掉的一種方法。

　　Biological drip filtration is a method of decomposing waste gas by passing it through a filter bed composed of filter materials from bottom to top after undergoing pre-treatment processes such as dust removal, humidification, or cooling. The waste gas is transferred from the gas phase to the water microorganism mixed phase, and is decomposed through the metabolic action of microorganisms fixed on the filter materials.

　　工藝流程圖如下：

　　The process flowchart is as follows:

　　優(yōu)點：處理費用低，工藝流程簡單，生態(tài)環(huán)保。缺點：占地面積大，填料需定期更換，過程不易控制，運行一段時間后容易出現(xiàn)問題，對疏水性和難生物降解物質(zhì)的處理還存在較大難度。這十種廢氣治理方法，你了解了嗎？

　　Advantages: Low processing cost, simple process flow, and eco-friendly. Disadvantages: Large footprint, regular replacement of fillers, difficult to control process, prone to problems after running for a period of time, and significant difficulty in handling hydrophobic and difficult to biodegrade substances. Do you know these ten methods for treating exhaust gas?

　　本文由 制藥廠廢氣處理  友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://sdsgfy.com/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from a pharmaceutical factory's waste gas treatment For more related knowledge, please click http://sdsgfy.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.